Mycoplasma pneumoniae ndi kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kali pakati pa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi; kalibe khoma la selo koma kali ndi nembanemba ya selo, ndipo kamatha kuberekana palokha kapena kulowa ndi kufalikira mkati mwa maselo a wodwalayo. Jenomu ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi majini pafupifupi 1,000 okha. Mycoplasma pneumoniae imatha kusintha kwambiri ndipo imatha kusintha malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo kudzera mu genetic recombination kapena mutation. Mycoplasma pneumoniae imayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ma macrolide antibiotics, monga azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ndi zina zotero. Kwa odwala omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa, tetracyclines kapena quinolones zatsopano zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Posachedwapa, National Health Commission inachititsa msonkhano wa atolankhani wokhudza kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda opuma m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuyambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda opuma ndi njira zodzitetezera m'nyengo yozizira ku China, ndikuyankha mafunso ochokera kwa atolankhani. Pamsonkhanowo, akatswiri adati pakadali pano, China yalowa mu nyengo yofala kwambiri ya matenda opuma, ndipo matenda osiyanasiyana opuma amalumikizana ndipo amaikidwa pachiwopsezo, zomwe zimawopseza thanzi la anthu. Matenda opuma amatanthauza kutupa kwa nembanemba ya mucous membrane ya njira yopumira yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana kapena zinthu zina, makamaka kuphatikiza matenda opumira m'mwamba, chibayo, bronchitis, mphumu ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi deta yowunikira ya National Health and Health Commission, matenda opumira m'matenda ku China amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mavairasi a chimfine, kuwonjezera pa kufalikira kwa matenda ena m'magulu osiyanasiyana azaka, mwachitsanzo, palinso ma rhinovirus omwe amayambitsa chimfine mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 1-4; Pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 5-14, matenda a Mycoplasma ndi ma adenovirus omwe amayambitsa chimfine amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 5-14, matenda a Mycoplasma ndi ma adenovirus omwe amayambitsa chimfine amawerengera anthu ena; pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15-59, ma rhinovirus ndi ma neocoronavirus amatha kuwoneka; ndipo pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60, pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi parapneumovirus ndi coronavirus wamba.
Mavairasi a fuluwenza ndi mavairasi a RNA omwe ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, omwe amabwera m'mitundu itatu, mtundu wa A, mtundu wa B ndi mtundu wa C. Mavairasi a fuluwenza A ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu ndipo angayambitse miliri ya fuluwenza. Jenomu ya kachilombo ka fuluwenza imakhala ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu, iliyonse yomwe imalemba mapuloteni amodzi kapena angapo. Mavairasi a fuluwenza amasinthasintha m'njira ziwiri zazikulu, imodzi ndi kusuntha kwa antigenic, pomwe kusintha kumachitika m'majini a fuluwenza, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa antigenic mu hemagglutinin (HA) ndi neuraminidase (NA) pamwamba pa kachilomboka; ina ndi kusinthika kwa antigenic, momwe matenda osiyanasiyana a mavairasi a fuluwenza m'selo lomwelo la munthu amatsogolera ku kubwezeretsanso magawo a majini a fuluwenza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yatsopano. Mavairasi a fuluwenza amathandizidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa neuraminidase, monga oseltamivir ndi zanamivir, ndipo mwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri, chithandizo chothandizira ndi chithandizo cha zovuta zimafunikanso.
Neocoronavirus ndi kachilombo ka RNA komwe kali ndi stranded positive-sense stranded RNA virus ka m'banja la Coronaviridae, komwe kali ndi mabanja anayi ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndi α, β, γ, ndi δ. Mabanja ang'onoang'ono α ndi β amakhudza makamaka nyama zoyamwitsa, pomwe mabanja ang'onoang'ono γ ndi δ amakhudza makamaka mbalame. Jenomu ya neocoronavirus imakhala ndi chimango chowerengera chotseguka chomwe chimalemba mapuloteni 16 osapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake komanso anayi, omwe ndi mapuloteni a membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) ndi mapuloteni a enzyme (E). Kusintha kwa ma Neocoronavirus kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zolakwika pakuberekanso kwa ma virus kapena kuyika majini akunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa majini a ma virus, zomwe zimakhudza kufalikira kwa ma virus, matenda komanso kuthekera kothawira chitetezo chamthupi. Ma Neocoronavirus amathandizidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ma virus monga ridecivir ndi lopinavir/ritonavir, ndipo nthawi zina, chithandizo chothandizira ndi kuchiza mavuto amafunikanso.
Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi matenda opumira ndi izi:
Katemera. Katemera ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera matenda opatsirana ndipo amatha kulimbikitsa thupi kupanga chitetezo ku matenda opatsirana. Pakadali pano, China ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katemera wa matenda opumira, monga katemera wa chimfine, katemera watsopano wa korona, katemera wa pneumococcal, katemera wa pertussis, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu oyenerera alandire katemera nthawi yake, makamaka okalamba, odwala matenda ena, ana ndi magulu ena ofunikira.
Khalani ndi makhalidwe abwino aukhondo. Matenda opumira amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madontho ndi kukhudzana, choncho ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse, kuphimba pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi minofu kapena chigongono mukakosoza kapena kutsekula, osalavula, komanso osagwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zodyera limodzi.
Pewani malo odzaza anthu komanso opanda mpweya wabwino. Malo odzaza anthu komanso opanda mpweya wabwino ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opumira ndipo amatha kufalikira ndi matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kupita kumalo amenewa, ndipo ngati muyenera kupita, valani chigoba ndikukhala patali kuti musamayanjane ndi ena.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha thupi. Kulimba kwa thupi ndiye njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku matenda opatsirana. Ndikofunikira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha thupi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda kudzera mu zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kugona mokwanira, komanso kukhala ndi maganizo abwino.
Samalani kuti mukhale ofunda. Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuzizira kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mucosa yopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilowa mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, samalani kuti mukhale ofunda, valani zovala zoyenera, pewani chimfine ndi fuluwenza, sinthani kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi chinyezi panthawi yake, ndikusunga mpweya wabwino m'nyumba.
Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yake. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda opumira monga kutentha thupi, chifuwa, zilonda za pakhosi komanso kupuma movutikira zikupezeka, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yake, kupeza ndi kuchiza matendawa motsatira malangizo a dokotala, ndipo musamwe mankhwala nokha kapena kuchedwetsa kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu zoona za mbiri yanu ya matenda ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa, ndikugwirizana naye pakufufuza za matenda ndi matenda kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-15-2023